Representation of Sexual Harassment Victims in English-based Indonesian Online News: A Critical Discourse Analysis
PDF

How to Cite

Representation of Sexual Harassment Victims in English-based Indonesian Online News: A Critical Discourse Analysis. (2024). Muslim Education Review, 3(2), 431-458. https://doi.org/10.56529/mer.v3i2.322

Abstract

This study aims to investigate representations of sexual harassment victims in English-based Indonesian online news and reveal the underlying ideology behind the representation. This study uses critical discourse analysis with Fairclough’s framework. Halliday’s systemic functional grammar is applied in terms of the transitivity process. Data were news articles published in Tempo.co, The Jakarta Post and Antara. The data were analyzed using Eggins’ transitivity analysis keywords and then classified based on the transitivity process. The result shows that there are 88 transitivity processes consisting of 44 material processes, 26 verbal, ten relational attributive, one relational identifying, four mental and three existential processes. The behavioral process is not found in news articles. All English-based Indonesian online news represents sexual harassment victims positively. All news agencies represent that sexual harassment cases are not handled properly. This representation shows that all online news agencies support the ideology of gender equality and feminism at a varied rate. Tempo.co are less clear in showing their partiality. The news agencies are clear enough in showing their partiality to the sexual harassment victim. However, all of the online news agencies still represent the victim as a powerless object towards the perpetrator’s actions. However, there are misjudgments about the victim presented by The Jakarta Post and misrepresentation represented by Tempo.co and Antara. This implies that English-based Indonesian online news agencies still contain a patriarchal culture in their news reports.
https://doi.org/10.56529/mer.v3i2.322
PDF

References

Adinda, P., & Roeslie, C. K. (2022). Panduan meliput kekerasan seksual bagi persma dan jurnalis. Project Multatuli.

Ariani, D., & Sunarto. (2021). Construction of feminism and gender equality in social media. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 4(4), 12203-12214. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i4.3286

Amiruddin, M. (2013). Blame the rapist not the victims: Monitoring Indonesia news media. Indonesia Feminist Journal. 1(7), 94–99.

Ardianto, T., & Polii, I. J. (2009). Representasi ketimpangan gender dalam berita kekerasan seksual di media massa: Perspektif analisis wacana kritis. Jurnal FORMAS, 3(1), 56–65.

Baum, M., & Potter, P. B. K. (2008). The relationship between mass media, public opinion, and foreign policy: Toward a theoretical synthesis. Annual Review of Political Science, 11(1), 39–65. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060406.214132

Bustam, M. R. (2011). Analyzing clause by Halliday’s transitivity system. Jurnal Ilmu Sastra, 6(1), 22–34.

Cahyaningtyas, K. G. (2021). Sexual violence against children and women: How are their rights fulfilled? Law Research Review Quarterly, 7(3), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i3.48189

Chen, W. (2018). A critical discourse analysis of Donald Trump’s inaugural speech from the perspective of systemic functional grammar. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 8(8), 966-972. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0808.07

Creswell, John W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Diana,S., Tallapesy, A., & Bela, A. H. N., (2019). Representing the victim of violence in news: female victims of UGM case in The Jakarta Post’s articles. Haluan Sastra Budaya, 3(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.20961/hsb.v3i2.32778

Eggins, S. (2004). An introduction to systemic functional linguistics (2nd ed.). London: Continuum.

Eklesia, G., & Rido, A. (2020). Representation of people with HIV/AIDS in The Jakarta Post and Jakarta Globe: A critical discourse analysis. Teknosastik, 18(2), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.33365/ts.v18i2.778

Evayani, W., & Rido, A. (2019). Representation of social actors in sexual violence issue in The New York Times and The Jakarta Post newspapers: A critical discourse analysis. Teknosastik, 17(2), 43–55. https://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v17i2.322

Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. New York: Routledge.

Fairclough, N. (2015). Language and power (3rd ed.). NY: Routledge.

Fairclough, N. (1995) Media and discourse. London: Arnold.

Fitri, A., Haekal, M., Almukarramah, & Sari, F. M., (2021). Sexual violence in Indonesian University: On students’ critical consciousness and agency. Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 7(2), 153–167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/equality.v7i2.9869

Fitriani, S. S., Ananda, R., Irawan, A. M., Samad, I. A., & Weda, S. (2021). Representation of 212 rallies in The Jakarta Post articles: A hybridity of CDA and SFL analysis. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 328–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.16836

Haekal, M., & Fitri, A. (2020). Dilema peran ganda dosen perempuan selama pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Jurnal Analisis Sistem Pendidikan Tinggi Indonesia, 4(2), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.36339/jaspt.v4i2.366

Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed.). London: Hodder Arnold.

Hunnicut, G. (2009). Varieties of patriarchy and violence against women: Resurrecting ‘patriarchy’ as a theoretical tool. Violence against Women, 15(5), 553–573. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801208331246

Ikawati, L. (2018). Afro-American women discrimination on Hidden Figures: A critical discourse analysis. Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies, 4(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v4i1.1631

Isnaeni, D. M., Saragih, A., & Nurlela. (2021). Reality and relation in Antara news article related to law revision of Corruption Eradication Commission. JELTL (Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics), 6(2), 487–501. https://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v6i2.529

Istiadah, I., Indah, R. N., & Rosdiana, A. M. (2020). Cultural religious challenges in handling sexual violence cases in Indonesian Islamic institutions. KnE Social Sciences, 4(10), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i10.7400

Kurniawan, M. J., Mardikantoro, H. B., Santoso, B. W. J., (2021). The textual discourse analysis of educational news on Kompas.com and Tempo.co in the perspective of Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sastra Bahasa Indonesia, 10(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.15294/seloka.v10i1.45907

Komnas Perempuan. (2021). CATAHU 2020 Komnas Perempuan: Lembar fakta dan poin kunci. Jakarta: Komnas Perempuan.

Li, J. (2010). Transitivity of lexical cohesion: Press representation of a political disaster and its actors. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(12), 3444–3458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.028

Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approach. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Nurhajanti, L., & Wijayanto, X. A. (2019). Kepemilikan media dan isi pemberitaan Tempo. Jurnal Pewarta Indonesia, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.25008/jpi.v1i1.1

Rahmi, R., Sawirman, & Aslinda. (2021). The Antara and Tempo media’s framing strategy differences in framing the Omnibus Law Ratification Issue. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 10(2), 434–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v10i2.4146

Richardson, J. E. (2007). Analysing newspapers: An approach from critical discourse analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Santos, I., Carvalho, L. M., & e Melo, B. P. (2022). The media’s role in shaping the public opinion on education: A thematic and frame analysis of externalisation to world situations in the Portuguese media. Research in Comparative & International Education, 17(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999211057753

Susanto, E. Independensi media Tempo dan pengaruh ekonomi politik dalam praktik sktrukturisasi. Jurnal Pustaka Komunikasi, 4(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.32509/pustakom.v4i1.1314

Utami, M. A. (2018). The representation of LGBT and a hidden ideology of The Jakarta Post and Jakarta Globe. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 7(1), 86–114. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v7i1.566

Van Dijk, T. A. (2004). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 352–371). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and practice: New tools for critical discourse analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wang, Y. (2021). A critical discourse analysis of news reports on Covid-19 in People’s Daily and The New York Times (Analisis wacana kritis laporan berita tentang Covid-19 di People’s Daily dan The New York Times). Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Komunikasi, 23(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.33169/iptekkom.23.1.2021.49-62

Weatherall, A. (2002). Gender, language, and discourse. New York. Routledge.